Overview

Yocto Project release

Mender's meta layer, meta-mender, has several branches that map to given releases of the Yocto Project. However, note that Mender is tested and maintained against the latest LTS branch of the Yocto Project only.

Older branches for the Yocto Project are still kept in meta-mender, but they might not work seamlessly as they are not continuously tested by Mender. If you need support for older branches we recommend posting your efforts and issues on mender hub. If you're interested in commercial support read more here.

Device capacity

The client binaries are about 7 MB in size, or about 4 MB when debug symbols are stripped (using the strip tool). This includes most of the dependencies for the client, such as the http, TLS, and JSON libraries.

The client depends on the LZMA library for Artifact compression, which is present in most Linux distributions, including those based on the Yocto Project.

Bootloader support

To support atomic rootfs rollback, Mender integrates with the bootloader of the device. Currently Mender supports GRUB and U-Boot. Please see the Yocto bootloader support for more information.

Kernel support

While Mender itself does not have any specific kernel requirements beyond what a normal Linux kernel provides, it relies on systemd, which does have one such requirement: The CONFIG_FHANDLE feature must be enabled in the kernel. The symptom if this feature is unavailable is that systemd hangs during boot looking for device files.

If you run the Mender client in standalone mode, you can avoid this dependency by disabling Mender as a system service.

Partition layout

In order to support robust rollback, Mender requires the device to have a certain partition layout. At least four different partitions are needed:

• one boot partition, containing the U-Boot bootloader and its environment
• two partitions for storing the root filesystem and kernel. The kernel image file, zImage, and any device tree binary should be stored in directory /boot.
• one for persistent data

Mender marks one of the root filesystem partitions as active, making the partition the boot target. The other, inactive partition, holds the previous root file system update. The client may either overwrite the inactive partition on a new update or roll back if the active partition does not boot. On a successful update, the partitions swaps roles.

The persistent data partition stores data requiring preservation through system updates.

The following figure illustrates an example partition layout:

Correct clock

Certificate verification requires the device clock to be running correctly at all times. Make sure to either have a reliable clock or use network time synchronization. Note that the default setup of systemd will use network time synchronization to maintain the clock in a running system. This may take a few minutes to stabilize on system boot so it is possible to have a few connection rejections from the server until this process is complete and the time is correct. Please see certificate troubleshooting for more information about the symptoms of this issue.

If your device does not have an active internet connection, then systemd will be unable to configure the system time as it will be unable to connect to the network time servers. In this case you will need to arrange other methods to set a proper system time. Many standard Linux features can be used for this. If your system includes a real-time clock chip, that will maintain the time across power down situations and the network connectivity needs of systemd will only be relevant on the system boots before the RTC is properly initialized.

Note that on startup, the system initializes the time to the Unix Epoch, before either systemd or the RTC corrects it, which implies that the server rejects all incoming TLS connections from the client until this happens.

Unsupported build systems

Mender has official support for the Yocto build system and binary OS images based on the Debian family. It is possible to adapt to other build systems. Please see this community post for a concrete description.

Mender Hub community

For help from the community, as well as links to board integrations, visit Mender Hub.